Set as Homepage - Add to Favorites

精品东京热,精品动漫无码,精品动漫一区,精品动漫一区二区,精品动漫一区二区三区,精品二三四区,精品福利导航,精品福利導航。

【novel lucah bomo】EPA to actually hold 'red

In what many climate scientists see as a direct assault on novel lucah bomothe scientific process, the Trump administration is moving ahead with a plan to hold so-called "red team, blue team" climate science debates.

The plan, which was first reported by ClimateWireon Friday morning and then detailed by the New York Times, would involve government-appointed experts chosen with the help of Scott Pruitt, the head of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and an outspoken climate denier.

In an indication of who the plan may be intended to favor, it was reportedly first unveiled to coal company executives at a meeting of the American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity on Thursday.

SEE ALSO: Rick Perry denies the reality that CO2 is the main climate change driver, and here we go again

Pruitt, along with Energy Secretary Rick Perry, floated the idea for such debates before Congress and the media in recent weeks, saying such discussions would be modeled on processes used for evaluating military battle plans and ways that spacecraft engineers test critical systems or investigate accidents.

Details are sketchy -- the EPA declined to respond to a request for comment -- but such a debate would in general have a "red team" of experts who would challenge consensus findings from scientific reports, and a "blue team" would then have the opportunity to respond. How productive such an exercise would be would depend entirely on the details, such as the composition of the teams, the questions examined, and more.

Doubters of mainstream climate science, like Pruitt, say that dissenting views haven't been heard by the scientific community.

However, this proposal ignores the fact that science already has teams of people who critique findings and work to ensure accuracy, known as the peer review process. This process kicks in at multiple levels, whether it involves the publication of one study in a scientific journal or a major international climate assessment, such as the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Government policies based on scientific findings, such as EPA regulations, also go through their own form of peer review. What Pruitt appears to be doing, several climate scientists said, is to circumvent peer review and elevate discredited viewpoints.

Kate Marvel, a scientist at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York, said the red team, blue team idea is "silly," given the systems already in place within the scientific community and the government.

"Anyone who has ever tried to get a paper through peer review is well aware that there is plenty of challenge in climate science," she said. "It's one thing to respond to legitimate scientific criticism, quite another to refute unconstrained nonsense."

Notably, neither Pruitt nor Perry mentioned the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) when discussing the concept publicly. The NAS is the body typically tasked by Congress or the White House with evaluating scientific findings, and NAS reports have repeatedly found that human-caused climate change is both occurring and is a major threat to the United States and the world. The IPCC, itself, was formed in 1988 to be an international peer review of already peer-reviewed climate science findings, but critics say that dissenting voices are ignored or drowned out.

According to the more positive view of such an exercise, if it's conducted in a certain way, it could strengthen climate science by showing conservatives that the findings are solid, thereby convincing people like Pruitt to act. At least that's the rosy-colored view of such a move.

Mashable Light Speed Want more out-of-this world tech, space and science stories? Sign up for Mashable's weekly Light Speed newsletter. By clicking Sign Me Up, you confirm you are 16+ and agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Thanks for signing up!
Via Giphy

But given that the administration is in the process of ditching the Paris Agreement on Climate Change as well as EPA emissions limits on fossil fuel power plants, it's hard for most climate scientists to believe that take. Instead, they say, Pruitt may be trying to bring scientists funded by the fossil fuel industry into the EPA's decision-making process.

In other words, if you don't like the conclusions coming out of the scientific community, just rig the system to get conclusions you prefer.

It's not exactly popular within Pruitt's agency.

"This is a whole new level of climate-denying, head-in-the-sand bullshit," said one longtime EPA official, who asked to be granted anonymity because they were not authorized to talk to the press.

"This is a whole new level of climate-denying, head-in-the-sand bullshit"

After all, the conclusions from the vast majority of climate science studies demand action, which the administration opposes.

Such conclusions include the volumes of evidence, from the sea floor to mountaintop glaciers, that human emissions of greenhouse gases are increasing global temperatures, melting polar ice caps, raising sea levels, and making some extreme weather events more common and severe.

Marshall Shepard, a meteorologist at the University of Georgia, said the planned debates are another example of how the administration is skirting processes already in place for scientific communication. "More special interest smoke and mirrors," he said.

The outcome of such red team, blue team debates could be used as evidence for changing certain federal policies at the EPA or elsewhere, perhaps even challenging the EPA's 2009 endangerment finding, which underpins its climate change regulations. That finding, prompted by a 2007 Supreme Court Case, found that carbon dioxide emissions threaten Americans' public health and welfare. If it were to be repealed, then the EPA may not need to regulate carbon emissions at all.

Michael Mann, director of the Earth System Science Center at Penn State University, said the administration is trying to invent its own form of peer review.

Original image replaced with Mashable logoOriginal image has been replaced. Credit: Mashable

"The system they describe is precisely what scientific peer-review is," Mann said in an email. "The reality is that the only thing these folks don’t like is the conclusion that the scientific community (that is, the world’s scientists, literally) has arrived at -- that climate change is real, human-caused, and a threat."

"So they’re looking to use taxpayer funds to run a pro-fossil fuel industry disinformation campaign aimed at confusing the public and policy makers over what is potentially the greatest threat we face as a civilization."

Katharine Hayhoe, a climate researcher at Texas Tech University, said research shows "the single most effective message in changing people's minds on climate is the simple point that 'scientists agree.'"

"The multiple studies establishing the scientific consensus have been some of the most attacked and vilified in the history of climate science, right after the 'hockey stick record' studies. Why? Because they set the record straight," she said in an email.

She compared the red team/blue team idea for climate change to having debates about the link between smoking and cancer, in which half of the representatives were not cancer experts.

"This latest attempt to politicize the science -- because make no mistake, it is the politicians who are politicizing the science -- follows in this well-trodden and very successful pathway," she said.

"Introduce doubt, delay action."


Featured Video For You
NASA designed grippers that can lift celestial rocks in microgravity

0.1221s , 11951.734375 kb

Copyright © 2025 Powered by 【novel lucah bomo】EPA to actually hold 'red,Info Circulation  

Sitemap

Top 主站蜘蛛池模板: 2024无码视频在线观看 | 国产一区二区精品欧美不卡 | 国产a久久精品一区二区三区 | 在线91精品亚洲网站精品成人 | 欧美视频一区二区三区免费播放 | 91精品国产一区二区三区免费 | 国产av电影区二区三区 | 欧美黑人又粗又大又爽免费 | 伊人久久国产免费观看视频 | 精品偷自拍另类 | 丰满岳乱妇在线观看免费 | 久久久久国产精品日本欧美中文字幕 | 国产大屁股喷水视频在线观看 | 国产四区不卡在线视频播放 | 国产精品久久婷婷六月丁香精品国产鲁一鲁一区二区国产 | 久久久久国产精品喷潮免费 | 91亚洲国产成人无码精品 | 无人区乱码区1卡2卡三卡在线 | 国产精品麻豆网站 | 日本三级网址入口 | 国产69一区二区三区在线观看 | 国产伦码精品一区二区 | 国产精品成人观看视频免费 | 国产精品白嫩美女 | 亚洲色四在线视频观看 | 69无人区码一码二码三码七码 | 久久精品国产av麻豆五月丁香 | 日韩精品一区二区三区成人vr | 久久久久久免费国产欧美另类精品久久久综合体桃花网 | 97久久久久人妻精品区一 | 久久久久无码一区人妻 | 91精品国产综合久久香蕉 | 噜噜中文字幕一区二区三区 | 免费无遮挡无码视频在线观看 | 国产毛片精选午夜福利网站 | 国产一区在线免费 | 91亚洲国产在人线播放午夜 | 日本中文字幕在线精品一区 | 国产精品啪啪一区二区三区 | 另类综合一区二区 | 亚洲成v人片在线观看天 |